Unravelling + reMAKING the public good - Part 1
Part 1: Introducing the public good
Unravelling and then reMAKING the public good is not something to be done alone or at high speed. Over the coming months we’ll be releasing a series of papers that both aim to unravel the public good (what is it, what is getting in the way of us having more of it) and the reMAKE it (where does it exist, where is it being reclaimed, what would it look like if we went bigger and bolder?). We’ll be talking to people, building on existing work and sharing and testing ideas - find out how to get involved.
June 2020
Why do we do what we do as a country?
We’re at a crazy time. We’ve been talking to activists and leaders around the country.
We’re excited. We’re tired. We’re overwhelmed by the possibility of a great re-set and reMAKE and worried we’ll screw it up.
We’ve been in conversations about shared values and shared vision, about different time frames and different approaches (do we work with the people who currently have power, or do we want to find new pathways for who has power and how it works?). There has been an incredible amount of collaboration and sharing of resources, ideas, people, and confusion.
We’ve seen the same conversations and questions asked in so many different forums. And underlying everything is the biggest question of all – how do we collectively scoop up all the issues we care about and use this one big moment of disruption to put us on the path to a world where people and planet survive and thrive?
We’re facing multiple tensions in our attempts to do this.
Covid has been a relatively positive experience for some, while a very traumatic experience for others. Some people are finding the pleasure of more time with family, a re-prioritisation of what is important and a re-localisation and connection to place. Others are trapped in difficult domestic situations, financially broken, desperately lonely and facing the future with huge uncertainties. Some people are experiencing elements of both.
We need to act in both the short term and the long term. There is immediate work to be done to alleviate some of the most immediate pain. At the same time anything we do now will lay the ground for the world we create and so we need to be thinking and planning long term as well.
Our public goods are at once saving us and poorly run and provisioned. Do we celebrate the wonderful institutions like the ABC, our public health system and our welfare infrastructure; or do we point out the fraying edges of these services, the long-term attacks and the reality that the welfare system is a nightmare for so many?
We have thus far weathered the covid storm well, in part because of our incredible history of providing the public good, yet it has (and still does) exclude many and is built on stolen land.
We know that action on covid, climate and social justice must be linked. We know that most Australians want a country where decisions are made for real human people and their real human loved ones and the incredible, wonderful natural environment that sustains us – rather than boring and discredited political posturing that simply increases the numbers clicking over in the profitable spreadsheets of the uber wealthy.
All of us who dream of an Australia reMADE, whether we’re in paid leadership roles or leaders in our local communities, know that whatever happens we need to find new and energising ways to collectively tackle the challenges we face. And that we need to do this in a way that grounds us in the best of who we already are.
We think Australia is ready for a conversation about public good.
The imperfections of the public good
Despite these strong foundations, so many of us are disconnected from a sense of ownership of the public good and find it difficult to be proud of what it is that we have. Much of this work excluded, (and in some instances continues to exclude, intentionally or otherwise) women, First People, people of colour, temporary visa holders etc, as well as nature (most significant environmental regulations have been gutted in recent years). And leaving this exclusion unacknowledged and unremedied will limit our ability to truly create public good for all our people and our planet.
It is not only a history of exclusion that challenges our ability to reclaim public good. It is worth noting the intentional attacks on the public good. A key neoliberal strategy has been to continually run down, financially and reputationally, the ability of government and the non-marketised collective to provide for the public good. As a result, for example, we have underfunded health services, a punitive and inadequate welfare system, and the shrinking capacity of our public broadcast network.
Of course there is no silver bullet, or silver net, for catching all of our issues at once and public good is not without its limitations. While Australia has an incredible history of public good and therein lies potential for the building of a new shared narrative, it also exists on top of and beside a history of traumatic colonisation. Colonial history has excluded Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people from the “public” for whom public good serves. Indeed in Australia today many First Nations People as well as other marginalised communities are far too often excluded.
So is there still room to be proud of our history of providing the public good? Well we’re seeing the legacy of even our run-down public good infrastructure coming to the fore during the current crisis (the power of the ABC, nurses, welfare etc). It is far from perfect, but unlike the USA we won’t have to totally rethink our social contract; we know that as a nation we’re capable of looking out for each other. We know that working together means benefits for all. And we know that we need to continue to expand our definition of “all”. For us to achieve an Australia reMADE it can no longer conscionable to exclude anyone or any living thing from any of the benefits of public good.
Where to from here: expanding the public good
For us to build on the vision for an Australia reMADE and run with public good as something to celebrate and something to build on, we’re going to need to do a couple of things. First we need a commitment to ensuring that everyone truly does mean everyone and that “public” doesn’t just mean Australian citizens, or the wealthy, or those in cities, or those with white skin or able bodies. We need to embrace our commitment to an inclusionary public. And second, we need to expand and articulate what we think could, and should, be considered a public good. To that end, what follows are some “thinking handles” to help us reclaim this space.
Types of public good
So what is the public good? What isn’t it? Where do we find it? How is it implemented?
Quick sidebar: in law and economics, the public good and associated ideas have rather narrow, technical definitions (which in the right context can be very helpful – you can explore them more here). We've deliberately chosen a more expansive conversation here, because we found that the narrow definitions tend to reinforce an assumption that the economy is a proxy for the public good and that’s just boring, unhelpful and untrue.
We’ve realised that we tend to focus very much on the public good as those things we can see, touch, smell and feel. So for example the material things like hospitals, schools, libraries and sewerage systems. But public good is so much more than that as seen above. It is also the contexts in which we exist as a society. It is the rules and regulations that help us to exist as a community, not just individuals. It is our right to organise as workers; it is our environmental protections; it is our gun laws and it is our democracy. And finally, we have public goods that enable us to participate well and wholly in society, in order to maintain and pursue our own lives, but also other public goods (yes, that unsexy thing of maintenance that we all need to do!). We need capacities like time, and imagination and trust, free thought, diversity of voices, creativity and imagination.
Public good as material
Material public good is the tangible provision of public good in the form of infrastructure and services for delivering a healthy society and planet.
Examples include hospitals and healthcare, schools and universities, libraries, sewerage systems, the fire service and the ABC -- all of which can be seen and touched and improve life.
Material public goods, like all public goods, need collective will behind them however they can be provided in a myriad of different ways. The current delivery mechanisms for material public good are via government (national, state, local), private enterprise, public private partnerships, civil society and cooperatives (how we deliver public goods requires further unravelling and reMAKING).
Public good as context
Contextual public good is the social and environmental context we need to develop and maintain for a healthy society and planet.
Examples of contextual public good include population health, privacy, democracy, clean air and water, and a healthy climate.
More so than material public good, contextual public good requires an enforceable collective agreement. Contextual public goods are what economists consider non-rivalrous (my use of a resource doesn’t stop your use) and non-excludable (it is impossible for me to stop you accessing the resource).
The current delivery mechanism for contextual public good is via government (national, state, local) regulation and propped up/held accountable by strong (and potentially dissenting) voices of civil society.
Public good as capacity
Capacities for public good are the individual and collective capacities we need as a part of community life to enable us to be fully involved in providing, maintaining and creating material and contextual public good.
Examples of capacities for public good might include creativity and imagination, time (for work, rest, play, care, participation in activities for the public good), trust and community.
The category of capacities for public good is intended to push our thinking and find a language about talking about and valuing parts of community life that might enable us to be fully involved in the other two categories.
The current delivery mechanisms for public good capacities are a mix of cultural expectations, government (federal, state, local), private enterprise and civil society.
We’re proposing the three categories above as ways to help order thoughts and shape how we answer questions like, ‘who should provide the public good and what should they provide?’
And then there are also questions about how the public good is delivered. Is public good only deliverable through not-for-profit options? Should profit be derived from public goods? How should public goods be overseen and assessed? The list goes on!
These are big questions and we need to be asking them of each other.
What were once considered radical propositions (paid leave, universal suffrage, a public healthcare system, the Montreal Protocol), now seem so normal. Imagine what we could do if we not only rebuilt and reclaimed the existing social and physical infrastructure of our public good, but we pushed the boundaries even further! We could use an expanded and ambitious definition of the public good to care for each other, to connect with each other, to protect each other and our environment.
There are examples all over the world of ambitious projects succeeding in reclaiming and reinventing the public good to create a world where people and planet come before money and markets. Spain has nationalised its healthcare system. Chile has reduced drug prices by creating 40 new public pharmacies. Public-owned providers have introduced telecommunications into previously unserviced areas of Chattanooga, Tennessee.
And then what if…
What if we thought about physical space, emissions, a safe climate as public goods? What if the safety of women was recognised as a public good? What if we recognised mental health as a public good? Participation and purpose as a public good? We’ll be delving into these questions and more in the next few papers in this series.
Public good is an exciting new way for us to think about an Australia reMADE. It is a concept that is not limited to left or right; and one that allows us to start from the shared values of equal worth of all people, interdependence and community, as well as unity with nature. It helps us to begin to prioritise cooperation over competition, wellbeing over economic growth, power that is shared not concentrated, collective rules rather than freedom to harm, sharing instead of self-interest and respect for nature rather than exploitation.
There is an opportunity here. A huge one, and public good might just be the vehicle to help us make the most of it.
Lead Author Millie Rooney, with the Australia reMADE team